כיצד נקיים מצוות מתנות לאביונים כשיבוא המשיח?

00:00 Welcome to another Shiur in Hilchos HaMeshechah. This week, we're gonna discuss the question about how are we gonna be able to give the mitzvah of Matanos L'evyonim when Mashiach comes. 'Cause we find, everybody knows, we find in the Midrash on Mishlei, Perek Tes, Pasuk Beis, it's brought in Yalied Shemoni on Mishlei, Remez Taf Taf Kuf Mem Dalet, that says that all the Yamim Tovim are gonna be Batul, gonna be nullified when Mashiach comes, but Purim is not gonna be Batul forever. In other words, even when Mashiach comes, we're gonna have Purim. And the Rambam brings this Halacha in Hilchos Megillah, Perek Beis, Halacha Yud Ches, that all the Sifrei Nevi'im are gonna be Batul, nullified, when Mashiach comes, except for Megillas Esther, which is gonna be like Chamish Hachamas HaTorah. So we find that the concept of Purim is gonna continue even when Mashiach comes. We'll discuss maybe a different time what does it mean by the other Yamim Tovim won't be Batul, that's a separate question, but right now we're focusing on Purim, which is certainly will exist when Mashiach comes. And based on this, so the Rebbe asks in a Sicha, in Sefer Sichos Taf Shin Nun Alef, Chelek Alef, Ma'amar three ten, page one fourteen, but it's also brought in other Sefarim also. The Rebbe brings it plain, but, but this question is asked in other Sefarim, that Yesh L'ayin, how is it gonna be the Kiyum of the mitzvah of Matanos L'evyonim when it's gonna be then it's gonna be fulfilled?

01:32 What it says in the Torah, that there's not gonna be, uh, uh, we're not gonna have poor people. Says in Parashat Re'eh, that we're not gonna have-- there's not gonna be poor people when Mashiach comes. So in this Shiur, we're gonna try to Be'me Ayin in it. We're not necessarily gonna come to one answer. There's a c- a couple of possible different explanations, uh, four explanations we'll try to give. But to Be'me Ayin exactly how we're gonna do the mitzvah of Matanos L'evyonim when Mashiach comes. So first of all, we find the Tur in Orah Hayyim, Taf Res Tsadik Dalet. He brings that when it comes to the Ma- the mitzvah of Matanos L'evyonim on Purim, so we know the Halacha is, it says, we're not, we're not particular about giving whom we're giving the money to. literally it relates to anyone who sticks out his hand we give him. If the person is Jewish, he's not Jewish, he stuck out his hand, you give him Matanos L'evyonim. You give him Tzedakah. And the Beit Yosef, so the Beit Yosef brings on this thing that the Tur says, and he brings a story that, that one time a Talmud asked Rashi, uh, that I saw that we-- the people are giving Matanos L'evyonim to, to, to, uh, non-- to, to, to Goyim. Um, so he says, so, so, so the, the Rashi was not very happy about it. Um, gonna, gonna take-- people are gonna think that you, you're Mekayem the mitzvah through that, you're

03:05 gonna take it away from the, from the Yidden. So he says in, in a, a city that when they're not used to giving to the Goyim, you shouldn't give, but in a city that they are used to, you shouldn't be Mevatal it because of Darchei Shalom should continue giving it. And therefore, the Beit Yosef says that it could be that the Tur is saying that you give the-- also Matanos L'evyonim is talking about in a city that they're used to giving it. But if not, you shouldn't, you shouldn't give Go- you shouldn't give Goyim, uh, be- because it's gonna take away from, from the mitzvah. That's what the Beit Yosef says. However, we find in the Derashas Chasam Sofer in Chelek Alef, page four oh one-- four oh eight, in general, you could find the exact, uh, citations in the accompanying Maaréh Makom that comes together with the Shiur, so if I miss exact one, you could, you could check it up. So the Chasam Sofer explains that in the beginning, Mordechai was Mesaken that there should be Matanos L'evyonim for the Goyim. Meaning, he first explains like this, that in the beginning, Mordechai wanted to make that on, based on the Gemara, that on Purim it should be also a Melacha. Why? 'Cause Mordechai knew, or he thought, he hoped that Yidden will go up after, after the Galus Bavel, and that will be the final Geulah. And it says, there won't be any poor people. So he's not gonna make a Takana L'chatchilah

04:39 Matanos L'evyonim for poor-- for, for Goyim. So he's gonna make, uh, he's gonna make them a Takana that from Purim you don't do Melacha. It says, that the Yidden weren't able to Me'akavod this, that they shouldn't do Melacha. So instead, they were gonna put-- Mordechai put in instead the mitzvah of Matanos L'evyonim. Now, when he's putting in the m- mitzvah of Matanos L'evyonim, Mordechai right away realized it says, you're not gonna have poor people. So if it wanted to be a mitzvah, that's gonna be Ha'akim even when Mashiach comes, so therefore, this Takana of Matanos L'evyonim will also include that you give to, to a Nachri. That if a, if someone of a, of a, of a non-Jew comes, you give, you give him Matanos L'evyonim, meaning when Mashiach comes, when you won't have your own poor people, you'll give it to a non-Jew. And we can understand the explanation of this 'cause the Chazal said that the mitzvah of Tzedakah is, the Chazal, only to a Yid, not a, not, not a Goy. So we find the Chasam Sofer, the Chasam Sofer is a, is a grandson of the Chasam Sofer. So in the Chu'as of the Chasam Sofer, uh, Siman Ain Beis, Seif Vav. So he explains over there that the mitzvah of Matanos L'evyonim on Purim is not necessarily really because of mitzvah of Tzedakah. It's because of the-- it's really because of the Simchas Hayom. You're, you're, you're generous, you're happy. You know, when a person is, is, is very happy,

06:07 so they're in a generous mood. And therefore, on Purim, you're, you're happy, so you're, you're generous, and you're s- you're generous, you give, you give everybody. And therefore, you be far as in also, also ani goyim, you, you would also give to them. If they stick out their hand, you would, you would also, you would also give them. And this actually fits also w- we find the Rebbe in a, in a, in a, in a Purim. Um, so the Rebbe goes into the whole thing. The Rebbe first actually brings the, the Beit Yosef that we brought earlier, or the Gaon of Vilna and, and, and from Rashi, and so on, that l'horaah, that you're not supposed to give to, uh, to goyim, matanot lavonim. But then the Rebbe asks, we find in the Siddur Arizal, it says plain, straight out that you give, that the, that the, uh... That you give also, um, that you also give to, to, to goyim. Even, even, and you're not medakdek, and you give also to, to goyim. So the Rebbe goes on, and it actually says that you, you'll... In other words, in, in Halakha we bring that you only give it to the goyim, the Beit Yosef says because of darkhei shalom. But you can have an, uh, uh, an, an instance where the concept of darkhei shalom doesn't ex- doesn't apply. You have a goy, he's a, he's a very battal. He's, he's not, he's not gonna do anything if you don't give him. He'll be

07:31 understanding, and so on and so forth. So there won't be an issue of darkhei shalom. He'll be quiet. If you don't give him, he won't make any tumult. He won't do anything. He won't cause any problems. So you won't have an issue of darkhei shalom. So then, seemingly, based on what we brought from the Beit Yosef, you shouldn't give him. But the Arizal writes straight out to give him. And therefore, the Rebbe explains that this that you give the goy, what the Arizal says, that you give the goy, that shtams even al pi negla. Because al pi negla, we're s- right? You're supposed to be come to a point on Purim that you don't know between Arur Haman and Baruch Mordechai. So if you don't know between the diff- difference between Arur Haman and Baruch Mordechai, so you for sure you won't also know the difference between a Yid and a goy l'havdil who, who doesn't come... We're talking about a bittul dik goy. In other words, you're not gonna be medakdek so much, c- 'cause you're holding in that state. So therefore, you give him 'cause it, it's, it's part of the simcha of Purim that you just, that you just, that, that you just give. But we could say that it... But, uh, and the Rebbe goes on that, that, that, uh, about, that, uh, that, uh, whenever there's, uh, something in nistar Hatorah, in other words, Siddur Arizal, nistar Hatorah, if it doesn't directly contradict the nigla Hatorah, so we follow the

08:45 siddur with the, the, the nistar of Hatorah. So in Yesh Heimar, that's also part of what is hidden over here, that we're saying that when Mashiach comes, it could be the... This is will... how we will be mekayem the mitzvah, matanot lavonim, through giving to a goy. Even though nowadays that's, that's not necessarily the halakha. Nowadays, you would not be yotzer by giving matanot lavonim to a goy, but maybe when Mashiach comes, you will be. So that's, that's one way, one possible way of explaining, um, um, um, um, this. An- another explanation is we find in the, in, in, in the, in the, in the Kli Yemot, on Moedim, on Purim, siman tzadik zayin. He says if you look in the Megillah, so you find in, in, in Perek tes, so in Pasuk, in Pasuk yud tes of the Megillah, so it says, "Simchat Mishteh v'Yom Tov u'Mishleach Manot Ish La'ereo." So it talks about Simchat Mishteh and Mishleach Manot. It doesn't mention matanot lavonim. You look a few pesukim later in pa- in, in Pasuk chaf beis, in the same perek. So it says, uh, it says, uh, "Yom Tov ve'as Isu Mimi Mishteh veSimcha u'Mishleach Manot Ish La'ereo u'matanot lavonim." So we hear all of the sudden, earlier it didn't mention matanot lavonim. It mentioned the other mitzvot of Purim. But so why over here does it mention the matanot lavonim and earlier it doesn't? So it says like this, right when they were matzakin the mitzvah of Purim, right at

10:27 the beginning of Purim, the first time. So as we brought earlier, this pasuk, if when "evyon, you're not gonna have a evyon." It's talking about when you follow as, as Rashi brings from the Sifra, right? 'Cause we have one pasuk that says that you're not gonna have a evyon, and then a, just a few pesukim later in, in Parashat Zachor, it says, uh, just a few pesukim later, it says that you are gonna have poor people. Uh, this is in Perek tes vav. So in Pasuk t- of, of, of Parashat Zachor. So, so Perek tes vav, Pasuk daled says you won't have any poor people. Pasuk yud alef it says, do, do, do, won't stop from being poor people. There'll still be poor people. So Rashi brings from the Midrash that it's talking about it makes a difference if you're following your "" or not. If you're following what Hashem wants, you won't have a evyon. If not, you will have a evyon. You will be poor people. So the Kli Yemot explains. So right in the beginning, there wasn't gonna be a- any evyon. So therefore, he didn't, wasn't matzakin any, any, any Mishleach Manot, uh, any m- the concept of matanot lavonim. Later on, uh, uh, um, um, he saw, uh, that, that this, this, this mitzvah is gonna be l'dorot. In other words, not just now, but even when maybe Yidden are not ever gonna, gonna be doing what they're supposed to be doing. So then they'll, uh, uh, um...

11:45 So then, so, so, so, so then when he's writing it down for l'dorot, so he included the mitzvah of matanot lavonim. So therefore, it could be ein hak'nami. When Mashiach comes, we'll go back to how it was originally, that there is no mitzvah of matanot lavonim when Mashiach comes. And we find this also in the Me'il Tzadaka. Me'il Tzadaka was written by the Vilna Rav. It's also the, it's the author of the Shevet HaLevi. He's more famous for Midrash Talpiot. He's the most famous for, for his other sefer. But he, uh, he writes- That, uh, so in, in Siman, Siman, uh, alef shin lamed ches, meaning, uh, 1,338, uh, he says the reason why we give, um, lots of tzedakah, uh, uh, um, on, on, on Purim, um, nowadays, um, so he says that 'cause the mitzvah matanot lavonim lots of it will be batul, and therefore nowadays we give lots and lots of tzedakah. You, you give it to everybody 'cause we're saying that we want to have it right. Nowadays c- we're, we're giving everybody 'cause then there's not gonna be a time to give... There's not gonna be t-th... This mitzvah is gonna be batul then, so we're not gonna be able to do this part of, of, of, of Purim, so therefore we have to do it now. And then he adds on that the reason why you also give to Goyim is because to show that they're gonna be kofim, in other words, tachas yedenu. They're subjugated to us, and

13:06 therefore we give them as well. So based on this second reason, this, this, this is a second possible explanation, that we take it won't do mitzvah matanot lavonim. In other words, according to the first one, the first answer that we gave was possible explanation was that we'll be mekayem the mitzvah matanot lavonim, so giving to Goyim lots of love. The second one is that we take it won't lechatchila. The way the mitzvah was initially made and instituted by Mordechai, it was originally instituted without matanot lavonim. Then we had-- Then we put in matanot lavonim, but when Mashiach comes, we go back to how it was originally, no matanot lavonim. That's the second explanation. Another possible explanation, uh, this one is in, in, uh, this i- this one is in, um, Yemei Shemesh Shech Ba'halacha, which a good part of this shiur is coming from there as well, but, but this one he c- brings himself not from any other sefer. Yemei Shemesh Shech Ba'halacha, Chelek Beis, Siman Ayin Beis, that he brings that we find in the Gemara, the famous Gemara, that it says in Gemara Shabbos, samech gimel lamed beis, says, "Ein bein olam hazeh l'melech HaMashiach ela shiv'im shivim goliyos b'vad". Right? So meaning that there's not gonna be any difference, oylem k'minhago noeg. The, the, the world is gonna continue as it as is, uh, when Mashiach comes. The only difference is that we're gonna be our own, we're not gonna be under any other nations. And what's the proof that Shmuel

14:30 says that there's gonna be the same? 'Cause he says, he brings the pasuk that we mentioned earlier, "Ki lo yaachid evyon min kerev aretz," that there won't stop being any poor people. And as Rashi brings, from here we see that there'll be poor and rich people when Mashiach comes. And we find that the Rambam seemingly paskens like Shmuel, that it's, as the Rambam writes, Hilchos Malachim, perek kid beis, halacha alef, "Al yaale lev halev shimei HaMashiach yibatal hav da'av min hagish ha'olam," that, that something's gonna be batul, it's gonna be nullified, the way the nature of the world. No, it's gonna continue being as it is. So based on this, seemingly we would say, one second, maybe there will be poor people when Mashiach comes. In other words, that's the pasuk. It's the s- from the pasuk that we, we're-- What's the pasuk that we learn? Oylem k'minhago noeg is, is, is the, is the pasuk that there'll be poor people. So maybe there'll be poor people when Mashiach comes. So what are we all worried about? However, however, and, and this, uh, Galitsky himself points out that we find the last, the very last halacha in Rambam, uh, perek kid beis, halacha he, it says, "Ve'eses ban lo yayish am lo rav lo milchama." There's not gonna be hunger then. And this is in the Rambam himself. He's saying that there's not gonna be hunger. And so there's a whole question about exactly what is this last halacha in the Rambam. Is this talking

15:54 about also this when we say that the olam k'minhago yishah olam, that, that the world is gonna continue going in a natural way, but it's also gonna reach a stage that there's not gonna be hunger? Or maybe the Rambam's hinting to, as we know, the Rebbe explains that the Rambam generally talks about two different eras in Yemei HaMashiach. So it's the first one is gonna be olam k'minhago noeg, and the sec- the second one not, it's gonna change. So based on this, if you say that it's talking about the second, the second era, so you could say the first one there'll be, there'll, there'll, there will be a poor people, and that's how we will be mekayem the mitzvah of matanot lavonim. The only question on this is seemingly the whole question from the Rebbe was based on the pasuk, "Eves kol evyon," that you won't have a poor people, and that's seemingly talking about even in the, even in the first one, even the first zman of Yemei HaMashiach, we will get to the stage that... In other words, even if you say, "Oylem k'minhago noeg," but you could say that the nature will sort of g- will get to a place that all, all, all, all the yidden will, will have what they need. That's, that's first of all. And second of all, it's, uh, uh, this deserves a shiur for itself, but it's not so clear that necessarily we paskin like the Rambam in this. In other words, it's true that the

17:14 Rambam paskens that there's no difference between olam hazeh l'melech HaMashiach el shiv'im shivim goliyos b'vad, but it's not clear that we necessarily paskin like the Rambam. It could be like we paskin like the Raavad. It deserves a shiur on its own. But nevertheless, seemingly, while this is a possible answer, l'chora tzarchin to say this, um, to say, to say this, 'cause l'chora we're saying, and as the Rambam himself seemingly says clear out that there won't be poor people then, so we would still have this question how we can do this mitzvah of matanot lavonim when Mashiach comes. So that was the third possible answer. Uh, another possible answer is we find in the, in the, in the Sefer Birchas Shimon, from Shimon Schneersohn, who's a, who's a cousin of the Rebbe, the Chabadnik. So he writes in the, in the Sefer Moedim Zmanim, uh, it's on, on, uh, Orach and Shulchan Aruch on, on, on Hilchas Purim. So he brings on this thing that we write that a-- that we, that we said that the, the Shulchan Aruch says, "Ei medakdek b'mitzvot Purim", you don't, you don't, you're not medakdek who you give money of Purim. Only who- whoever s- sticks out their hand- You give him, call a patient Yad nicely. So yes, there's, there's seemingly three. What, what, what's the marker from this? What's... why, wh- what's the source that we say that you only, that you only give to Yidden and you don't give to Goyim? Um, but we say because of

18:40 the Archishalom, you still, you still give to the Goyim. But what's, what's, what's the marker that we, that we say, uh, um, that a marker, Shenago you give, but n- normally you wouldn't give. So he says, it could either be from, uh, uh, uh, Pasha Teswara, uh, because they say, "Ehichitese," that they're, why would you think that we'd be Mumsakin, that you give Matanas of Yenim even to, to, to Goyim, non-Jews who hate us? Why would we do that? Or you could say that it's Pasha based on the Pasha because we find by Mishleh, one is it says, "Ish l're'eyu." So by Mishleh, one is we have clearly there has to be re'eyu, which is a Yid. So say, say the same thing applies to Matanas of Yenim also has to be to Yid. Or maybe it's, it's, it's, it's maybe, maybe this, this is not, maybe it's, it's, it's a separate, it's a separate iser that has nothing to do with, uh, with, with, uh, with necessarily with the mitzvah of Purim. Um, it's a, it's a side issue that we find that it says by, it's, it says by, um, we have a, we have an iser in the Torah that you're not supposed to, to, to, to a non, to a non-Jew. It says, it says, it says by, by, by a non-Jew, you shouldn't, you shouldn't, it says, uh, "Lai sichanim," you shouldn't, you shouldn't be gracious to a non-Jew. Uh, and from here we learn you're not supposed to give

20:04 them stamp presents just for no reason. You don't give them a present and so on and so forth. Um, so therefore, you can't give Matanas of Yenim to church, to, to, to, to, to a Goy because we have the iser of Lai sichanim. He says based on these three different possible reasons of why we say Matanas of Yenim only goes to a Yid, we could say there's an afikomena between these different times, to these different reasons. The question is about Eved Kanani. So in Eved Kanani, we find, um, is, is mechuy of a mitzvah is just like a woman, and it's also mechuy of an Eved Kanani is mechuy of in, in Mikra Megillah, uh, as, as the Magana Ram brings. So based on this, uh, you could say according to at least the first two, the, the, the first reason and the, and the, and the last reason. In other words, either you just say because of the svara, we don't give to people who hate us. So if you don't give to people who hate us, they're, they're either kind, they don't necessarily hate us. Uh, or if you say the reason is because Lai sichanim, Lai sichanim also wouldn't apply to them. So based on those two reasons, we could say that you would fulfill your mitzvah of Matanas of Yenim giving it to, to, to an Eved Kanani because the, the reason of not giving that Matanas of Yenim to them doesn't apply. The only reason, unless you say that the

21:19 reason you don't give Matanas of Yenim to a Goy is because it's saying, "L're'eyu," as we learn from Sheleach Manos. So then based on that, maybe you wouldn't give to Eved Kanani. But based on the other two reasons, you would give to Eved Kanani. And in fact, we do find in some svara that it brings that, uh, that a Eved Kanani sometimes is, according to some opinions, is included even in, in Re'echa. So if it's included even in Re'echa, so based on this, he says that maybe you would be mechayim the mitzvah of Matanas of Yenim through giving to a Eved Kanani. As we know, it says that the Yid are gonna have a vadim then. So it will be mechayim the mitzvah through giving to, to, to Eved Kanani. So the bottom line is that we have four possible explanations about how we will... possible ways of answering the question of how we will do the mitzvah of Matanas of Yenim when Mashiach comes. Either it means that we will give to a Goy, uh, to, to Goyim, uh, maybe because that was the original tekana. Or, or another ans- another possible explanation is maybe we taka won't give. In other words, originally maybe the taka, the tekana wasn't mechayah, but there should be Matanas of Yenim. And so we'll go back to originally how it was originally. There's no Matanas of Yenim. Or number three, maybe there'll be of Yenim. There'll be ein bein elo ha'az elo meiseh Mashiach. There'll be of Yenim.

22:38 There'll be poor people when Mashiach comes. Or number four, maybe it'll be that we'll give, we'll fulfill the mitzvah through giving to an Eved Kanani. Maybe we taka bezecha to be mechayim the mitzvah of Purim with coming, uh, in when, when Mashiach comes, we'll still be mechayim the mitzvah of Purim. Maybe it's in our days.