האם נבנה חומה? ״ואני אהיה לה חומת אש״

00:00 Welcome to another Shiur in Hilchot Melachah. This Shiur, as we will see, although it is standalone Shiur, it also comes in continuation of last week's Shiur, where we got into the topic of Yerushalayim being expanded. So in last week, we discussed that Yerushalayim is gonna be expanded, um, someplace says it's gonna be expanded to inclu-clude the whole area to Israel. It's gonna have the din of Yerushalayim. Then last week, we got into the Damesek of Syria is also gonna have the din, and it's gonna be part of Yerushalayim. And we went into explaining what exactly does it mean that it's gonna be Yerushalayim. So we brought, uh, we brought from the Radvaz on, on the Rambam, Hilchot Terumah, Perekh Aleph, Halocha Gimel, that he wondered wha-what does it mean that how could you say that it's not gonna have the same kedushah as Yerushalayim has until now? And he said, "No, this means that it's gonna have the din of Yerushalayim with regards to terumah and maaser." In other words, things that... In other words, the din of Yerushalayim, but not necessarily the same kedushah of Yerushalayim. And then we got further, and we explained in last week as well that in the last Shiur about, about Yerushalayim being expanded, that it would seem, according to the Rabbi, that there's two things. There's the kedushah, the etzem kedushah of Yerushalayim that Yerushalayim has, the asus, the kedushah that Hashem chose Yerushalayim, and that's the kedushah of-- the place that Yerushalayim was from when Hashem chose

01:31 it. And then there's parts of Yerushalayim that will be expanded. And those parts of Yerushalayim that will be expanded, they won't necessarily have the same kedushah as the original part of Yerushalayim, but they will have the din of Yerushalayim and the kedushah of Yerushalayim in terms of the special dinim that Yerushalayim has. They have to eat chatzim there, and so on and so forth. They will have the din of Yerushalayim with regards to that. Having said that, this brings us to another whole discussion. Because if we say that the rest of the place of, of, of Eretz Yisroel, let's, let's take Eretz Yisroel, including Syria, is gonna have, is gonna have the din of Yerushalayim, seemingly this that it has the din of Yerushalayim, it-- and that you only could eat chatzim kalim in, in, within the-- in, within Yerushalayim, that has to do with the walls. It has to be within the walls of Yerushalayim. That's what makes-- That's where you could eat it, and we have all the dinim. If you take it out of the walls of Yerushalayim, you're, you're pasul it. So we find the pasuk. The pasuk in Zechariah says, "Yerushalayim." Zechariah, Perekh Beis, uh, Pasuk Ches. Um, it's, it's a famous song also. So the Malach tells Zechariah that Yerushalayim, that Yerushalayim is gonna-- eventually gonna be pros. It's gonna be open. Rashi over there on the pasuk says... What does mean? There's not gonna be a wall in order that, that, uh... Since Yerushalayim is gonna keep

03:08 on expanding from day to day, so we're not gonna have any room. So if we're not gonna have any room, so therefore we, we can't have a wall, 'cause if you have a wall, it limits to how big the city is gonna be. So therefore, there won't be any wall. Yerushalayim, and we'll be able to expand and expand. So he asks, if so, if Yerushalayim is not gonna have a wall... And we f-- and we find in, in a, a number of places in Halakha that the kedushah of Yerushalayim, especially in terms of what can be-- where-- until where you could eat chatzim is, is dependent upon the wall. So if so, how is, how is, how are we gonna have that? In other words, uh, how is it gonna be that we're gonna have, on the one hand, we're saying, um, that Yerushalayim, and on the other hand, we have all these places that we're saying they're gonna have the din of Yerushalayim. Seemingly, the din of Yerushalayim is based on there being a wall. So this question is asked in the Shu-Shalas ha-Shulhas, Pnei Tzion, Chelek Gimel. Uh, it's from Rabbi David Shapiro, who was a Talmud of the, of the Minchas Elazer. He lived in-- l-later lived in, in, in Yerushalayim. So he asks this question: how, how exactly is it gonna work? If Yerushalayim how are we gonna have that you could eat chatzim in this expanded Yerushalayim, chass v'chalila? So first he brings that the truth is the Radak on

04:42 this pasuk, Yerushalayim. So the Rad- the Radak says, "Yerushalayim" doesn't mean that there won't be a wall. It means there'll be a wall, but since there'll be so many people, so there'll be people outside of the wall. There'll be a lot of people, um, um, outside of the, uh, uh, outside of the wall 'cause they won't be scared. Normally, why do you have to have a wall? Why do people ha-- live inside the wall of the city? Because they're scared that people are gonna attack them. Well, chass v'chalila, they're not gonna be scared. So therefore, even though there'll be a wall, but it'll be like the city continues outside of the wall. So based on that, you could say that the din of chatzim, that you can only eat in Yerushalayim, will be within the wall. Nevertheless, there'll be people living outside of the wall also, and that's what it means, Yerushalayim. While that's good according to the Radak, but that first of all doesn't answer really how it would work according to Rashi, and it also doesn't answer what we had explained last week that all these places that they're gonna be expanded into Syria and so on, that they-- what do we mean that they're gonna be like Yerushalayim, that Eretz Yisroel is gonna be like Yerushalayim? We mean specifically that you're gonna be able to have the chatzim, you're gonna be able to eat it there. In other words, it's gonna have the din of Yerushalayim. So if it's gonna have

05:58 the din of Yerushalayim, it doesn't help me that you say that there's still gonna be a wall and Yerushalayim means that they're gonna live outside of it. Because also that area outside of the walls are also gonna have the din of- Of Yerushalayim that you could eat in there. That means that the wall's not gonna, is, is not gonna stop them from eating there. So the same for Benet Zion over there, he wants to explain that according to Rashi that the, that the-- why do you have... We, we have the walls of Yerushalayim, and they would build the walls of Yerushalayim far away from where people settled. In other words, there's the people in the city that live in the city, then you have the walls are not right where in the end of where people live, you make it further, uh, further than, than where the people live. And the kedushah of Yerushalayim, so when you're making Yerushalayim kadosh that you could, in terms of being able to eat in there, and they should have the din of Yerushalayim for, for, for katzim, amais hashenim and so on. So what they would do is they would... Yerushalayim would be, it, it is kadosh, and then you have the wall, so the kedushah of Yerushalayim extends from the makom hayeshuv. In other words, wherever people are settled, that is part of Yerushalayim. And that's part of Yerushalayim as an extension of this, the Beis Hamikdash, and there's the part where people live, and that's automatically

07:19 included in Yerushalayim. But if you wanna expand Yerushalayim more, so they're able to expand it until the wall, and they have the wall, the wa-- and when you build a city, so you, you don't make the wall right where the people live, you have it further away. So like that, you'll be able to expand the city and, you know, build more and more houses, and all of that will still be considered have the din of Yerushalayim, even though nobody lives there yet. But since you have the wall, we're able to be mamshich, we're, we're able to pull the, the din of Yerushalayim all the way up until the wall. Meaning, it goes where the people live, the inhabitants, even without that. And then there's from the inhabitants until the wall. With having the wall there, that's how you're able to make that entire place have the din of Yerushalayim. Therefore, the Benet Zion explains that la'asot lavav, when the whole Beis Hamikdash, the mizbeach is gonna come down omala, and it's gonna... the entire place, the kedushah of Yerushalayim is gonna be nimshach throughout wherever the inhabitants are, all the way mlachat chil. In other words, you only need the wall 'cause people are not there in order to extend it to where people aren't there to still make it kadosh for in the future people will live there. So therefore, you have to have the wall. But if you have already, people are already living there, all the-- and right away, all of it

08:36 becomes kadosh and has the din of Yerushalayim, even though there's no wall. In other words, according to Rashi, praas teshu Yerushalayim, there's no wall, but the kedushah will extend even there, even if, if you don't have a wall, 'cause you don't need the wall, it's only there. The wall is only a necessity if there's no people there. And he explains this is similar to what we find by the Mishkan Shiloh. So Mishkan Shiloh, right, we have in Yerushalayim, you're only allowed to eat the, the, the katzim within the walls of, within the walls of Yerushalayim, but by Shiloh, they didn't have a wall. So where are you allowed to eat? So you're allowed to eat as long as you're able to see the Mishkan. In other words, it doesn't necessarily have to do with walls. It has to be that you're in, in the same area. So in la'asot lavav, even without the wall, it'll still be all kadosh and still will all have the din of Yerushalayim. Now, that, that is how, what the Benet Zion explains. In other words, praas teshu Yerushalayim means that it won't have a wall. However, we find, we find in the Rambam, in, in, uh, Hilchot Beit Sefer Torah, Pelek 12, Halacha Yod, um, where the Rambam goes on to explain how do you extend Yerushalayim. In other words, a person that wants to add on to Yerushalayim says you could, you could, you could, could do, you could... The lash of the Rambam is, "Yesh limsheh chazer

10:04 ad hamakom sheyirtzu mehara Bayit, v'limsheh cheimes Yerushalayim ad makom sheyirtzu." You could extend the walls of Yerushalayim until the place, till wherever it is that you want to extend it to. In other words, but from the Rambam it comes out that to extend Yerushalayim, you actually have to extend the walls. There's, there's-- in other words, it is based on the walls. Not like we would-- the Benet Zion was explaining that it doesn't really have to do with the walls. And in fact, the Rambam goes on in a few halachas later, in Halacha Yod Daled, in, in Pelek 12, Hilchot Beit Sefer Torah, that if you didn't do exactly the say there that, um, the, that, that, that the Rambam outlines over there to extend Yerushalayim, it's not, it's not, it's not, it's not kadosh. Now, there's-- Rambam goes on. There's places that have the kedushah Rishonah, that shekitsha shlema. In other words, that, that, that, that, that the Dovid and Shlomah were mekadesh it, and that place is kitsha l'shaitan, kitsha la'asot lavav. So those places will still be kadosh later. But then if you want to extend it, you have to build a wall. So we see seemingly that you do have to have a wall for Yerushalayim. So these places that are gonna be part of Yerushalayim, they seemingly have to have a wall. But, but we're saying praas teshu Yerushalayim. So we find in the, the Rebbe in, in Likutey Sichot, Chelek Lamed He, page two forty-three in, uh, Ha'arah twenty-four, and

11:29 this is really based on what, what the, what the pasuk in Zechariah. We brought the first pasuk in Zechariah, um, that, that, uh, the, the pasuk in Zechariah, we said the first pasuk in Pelek Bet, pasuk Ches, which has praas teshu Yerushalayim. But the next pasuk says, "Va'ani eyah lanum Hashem cheimes eis saviv v'chavid eyah besicha." That Hashem says, "I'm gonna be... There's gonna be a wall of fire around Yerushalayim." And the Rebbe in that Ha'arah s-says, "Lehorer shemukafet cheimet," that Yerushalayim is gonna have a, a, a wall around it. "V'gam la'asot lavav asher praas teshu Yerushalayim," even la'asot lavav, when we say that there's gonna be praas teshu Yerushalayim, that Yerushalayim is gonna be open. Nevertheless, it also says that I'm gonna be a wall of fire, meaning it's gonna be proj-- it's not gonna be a wall, but what is the wall gonna be? The wall is gonna be a wall of, of fire. Um, and as the Rebbe explains, uh, also in, in, in Parshas Polach, uh, Yud- Yud- Yud-Yud Dalet Tammuz, it's also in . That the Rebbe also says that even though the, the walls of Yerushalayim make a special kedushah into the kedushah of the place, just like we find by, uh, you also have Yerushalayim, also has the walls make a special kedushah. Nevertheless, it also says, that's the-- that in other words, it's gonna have the ma'alah that it doesn't have a wall. What is that ma'alah? To-- As it says that, I'm gonna be a wall

13:08 of fire around it. So based on this, you could say that there won't be any walls, but how would-- what will be the wall to give it the din of Yerushalayim? That's gonna be the wall of the Esh. And that you can know that the can expand, it can be wherever it is, and, and that will make the places have the din that you could eat kochrim over there, a, a, a meiser and so on and so forth. However, we could ask, someone could ask, we find in the Gemara, in, in, in-- we find in the Gemara in Baba Batra that, that seemingly that there's gonna actually be a physical wall, not just a wall of fire around it. There's gonna be a wall. It says on the pasuk in, in Yeshaya that says, that, that I'm gonna make a katket around, uh, Yerushalayim. Uh, so the Gemara brings over there, so he says there was a machloket between two malachim in Ma- Malachim B'rikiya, two malachim, some people say it was a machloket, two amoraim, two kids, two sons of Rabbi Akiva were arguing about it. In other words, they were arguing what is this stone? The what is katket? So one says, one says, uh, they translate it as, as onyx and jasper, whether that is a translation or not is a separate story. But so there's a machloket, what stone is it gonna be? It's gonna be like both. It's gonna be s- made out of both or a combination of both.

14:52 And, uh, some mefarshim explain that that's what katket means. Katket means it's gonna be like both. So seemingly it's gonna be an actual stone, there's gonna actually be stones around Yerushalayim. And in fact, the Gemara drop earlier than, than that says that Hashem's the, the, the leftover skin of the Livyatan, he's gonna hang over the walls of Yerushalayim. So seemingly we're-- there's gonna be physical walls, not just, um, not just, uh, walls of fire, it implies that there's gonna be physical walls. However, um, based on and, and really the Rebbe's to this, so, so, so may-- that, that's is what the, what the, what the kavana is, um, that we find in the, the, the Rebbe's the same thing the, the also has a seemingly the same also the they explain what's the inyan of a wall. In other words, getting into why is it gonna be why won't it be a wall? So they explain what's the inyan of a wall. The inyan of a wall is to... does two things: it protects those inside, and also the wall serves as a boundary. It's magbil. It's, it's, it's, it limits whatever is in- inside the wall is limited to, to, until the wall and not outside of the wall. However, and the Meimar explains that we won't need these two things since there won't be a Klipa when Mashiach comes, so we won't necessarily need any of this protection from the outside, both and, and be- and, and um, so we don't need the--

16:41 we don't, we don't, we don't need protection. And the same thing, Yerushalayim is gonna be expanded, so we don't need a wall around Yerushalayim. Why do we need-- What's is the inyan, aish is the inyan of, of, of being a light. So Yerushalayim is gonna be, is gonna be light. This is the-- it's, it's so, so the inyan of Torah and so on. So that's what we're gonna have, there's gonna be light everywhere. so then it was only gonna be which is the in other words the is gonna be, is gonna be light, it's gonna be begolic and that's what it means, so based on that, as well as looking back i- in the mefarshim on this Gemara that says, and, and they're, they're arguing about what type of stone. So we find in the Maharsha, the B-- the Maharsha also brings why are we gonna have, why is it gonna be what's-- why on, on the stone, on the walls of Yerushalayim? So the Maharsha says that, that 'cause it's a, a stone that gives off light, 'cause we're not gonna need any more the we're not gonna need windows anymore for, for light. We only need f- f- for air, but we don't need, we need for light, and therefore we're gonna have these, these stones. The Maharsha then goes on and explains that Shayam goes on Yosef, 'cause that was his stone on the, on the, on the Chesed, and Yoshua goes on Binyamin, that was his stone. And the Maharsha explains

18:15 that, that there's Yosef is going on and Binyamin, it-- that's the portion where Yerushalayim was. Uh, and it's explaining that when la'as u'lavai, so both of them are gonna come, uh, kadein kadein, both of these kevanos, everything is gonna be there when both Yosef and Binyamin are gonna be together when Mashiach comes. Where we find that in the Kutete Torah, the Alter Rebbe in Parashat Shira A, he also explains, uh, this pasuk of samtik katkei that also that Sheyam goes on the avoda of Yosef, and Yashfa goes on the avoda of Binyamin. The avoda of Yosef is mamaila lamata, and Binyamin is mamata lamaila. And we're saying that la'as u'lavai, it's gonna be a combination of both of them, have a kadein kadein. It's gonna be both of them, both of them, both, both the avoda of Yosef and the avoda of Binyamin, it's gonna be both of them together, both mashpia and, and mekabel, both of them together. And, uh, we find before we pull them all-- to pull this all together, we find, um, that the Rebbe in, in Sichas Kodesh Taf Shin Tezin, Parashat Sheftem, um, so he, the Rebbe goes on the, on the pasuk, again, on the pasuk of samtik katkei shushisayich. So he says, "La'avnei..." So it says, "Vusamtik katkei shushisayich, sh'arayich la'avnei ekdach." So on the words la'avnei ekdach, the Rebbe goes through, where it's explaining each word of the pasuk. It says that la'avnei ekdach comes from the lashon yikid eish. In other words, the slavas of,

19:45 of middes. The Rebbe goes on over there explaining that each, each part of the pasuk is going to share, you know, share Binah and, and, uh, Sham Sham Meiche and middes. But, but la'avnei ekdach is going on yikid eish, the concept of fire, the slavas, the slavas of middes, the concept of fire. So based on this, yesh lemar, and maybe the hakof is what the Rebbe is, is, is, is, is trying to explain that, that the pasuk, this that the Gemara explains, that it's gonna be that have a kadein kadein, that it's gonna be the avanim teivus, that the walls of Yerushalayim are gonna be built with avanim teivus. But primis enanim doesn't necessarily mean k- stones. It means it's gonna be like eish. This is what the cheimes eish that the pasuk was referring to that we said that in, in la'as u'lavai. Yerushalayim is gonna-- projestasi Yerushalayim, but just at the same time, there's gonna be walls. So all we could say that what does it mean that the walls are gonna be of this, this, this, this eish is gonna be the walls of Yerushalayim. In other words, so it's, it's projestasis, but we still have walls of Yerushalayim. And that is what the-- when we say that there's gonna be in the, in the, in the Gemara that there's gonna be walls of avanim teivus, it doesn't literally mean avanim teivus. It means it's gonna be these walls of eish. And interestingly, the Rebbe in Toras Menachem, Taf Shin Mem Heh,

21:07 Parashat A, uh, um, page two eight oh- two thousand and eight hundred and nine, which is in Taf Shin Mem Heh, Toras Menachem, Chelek Heh. So the Rebbe over there actually goes on this pasuk itself, on this explanation of samtik katkei shushisayich. The Rebbe goes on and explains that this is where we see the, the connection with the, the-- between nigla the Torah and primisa Torah, that they come together. Both the explanation of the pasuk in nigla the Torah and in primisa Torah are, are-- become, become one. Um, in other words, so yesh lemar hakof is what the Rebbe is hinting at, that, that even in nigla the Torah, we're really explaining that the walls, when we say avanim teivus, we mean that the walls are gonna be of, of fire. Or alternatively, yesh lemar, that we're saying that there's the walls, there's the original walls area of Yerushalayim maybe will have this place, this will be avanim teivus. So it's doesn't have the gedre of a wall, as we brought before from the, from-- say from, from the Meimadim, from Taf-- from the Rebbe Rashab, um, and from the Friediker Rebbe, um, Taf Reish Ayin Ches, and Taf Reish Tzaddek Tes, that the difference between a wall, a wall is to either to protect from the outside or to keep everything, the hagbala of everything inside. That's the definition of a wall. And we said la'as u'lavai we won't need that. So maybe we will replace in that the walls, they're still walls of

22:37 Yerushalayim. So maybe those, that area will have avanim teivus. Now that we don't need a wall, so it won't have a wall. It will have the, the inyan of the samtik katkei, there's an inyan of a wall, not, not an inyan of a wall of, of, of, uh, of a, of a, of a gvul. It's, it's inyan of a wall, as we said, it's an inyan of a wall that, that, that gives off light. 'Cause we said that the area of Yerushalayim, we explained in last week's share, that the inyan-- the area of Yerushalayim, the original area of Yerushalayim is gonna still have a difference and be-- have a kedusha more than the area that's added to Yerushalayim. 'Cause the area that's originally Yerushalayim is intrinsically kodesh, and then there's the area that's added which has the din of Yerushalayim in terms of what you eat. That you could allow to eat kash and kalam over there. So yesh lemar, maybe that area will have this thing that will, will spread over the, the area of the Eliyasan as the, as the Gemara says, and it'll have the avanim teivus, but it's not the gedre of a wall. It's no more the wall of Yerushalayim as in until here is the boundary of Yerushalayim and until here you can eat. 'Cause no, for that wall, you takka need a wall for that. But for that, you have the cheimes, Yerushalayim is gonna be cheimes eish, and that's gonna be wherever the, the boundary of Yerushalayim

23:49 is gonna be la'as u'lavai. Nevertheless, there'll be this-- there'll be the original walls of Yerush- of Yerushalayim won't be made out of stones, of, of, of earthen stones, um, 'cause we don't need a, a real wall. And it is-- so if it's made out of something else, then it's not meant to protect what's inside, and it's not, and it's not meant to keep in- inside. It's the boundary, so then it doesn't have the din of a w- it doesn't have the din of a, of a wall. It's-- we don't call it a wall anymore. The real walls of the Yerushalayim will be the cheimes eish. Nevertheless, this wall maybe will be made out of avanim teivus, samtik katkei. Uh, yesh lemar that another answer may be way to, to be metavech the two, uh, based on what we said before. That it's takka bizechah that we should have, we should, uh, we have the cheimes eish of Yerushalayim and projestasis of Yerushalayim that we don't have to worry about, uh, any enemies from without Yerushalayim. We don't have to have any boundaries with Yerushalayim. With the coming of Mashiach, may be meheyu beramei de'amirin. Amen.